Advances in the Clinical, Etiological, and Therapeutic Understanding of Borderline Personality Disorder

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the main scientific contributions published on Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Method: A narrative literature review was conducted through a structured search of Google Scholar, Redalyc, and Dialnet. Articles published between 2015 and 2024 in Spanish and English were included. Of the 404 records identified during the search and selection process, 17 studies met the eligibility criteria. Results and discussion: The studies reviewed indicate that BPD presents diverse clinical manifestations, which may make it difficult to establish clear diagnostic boundaries. Its onset and course have been associated with biological, genetic, psychological, environmental, and social factors. The literature also highlights links between BPD and adverse childhood experiences, difficulties in emotional regulation, and interpersonal problems. In addition, growing attention has been given to early detection and structured psychotherapeutic approaches, including Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Mentalization-Based Therapy, and Transference-Focused Psychotherapy. Conclusion: Understanding BPD from a multidimensional perspective is essential for strengthening its early identification and clinical management. Further research is needed to expand the available evidence and deepen current knowledge of this disorder.